Part 14 - Nick talks to Jordan after the funeral. Tom and Daisy. (2,09 – 4,40 of the film)
Students: (1st C) Andrea M, Ylenia V, Ionut I, Noemi C.
Friday, June 1, 2012
Thursday, April 19, 2012
Industrial Revolution
Andrea M. and Maria C. (1st C Bat)
Good morning. We are Andrea and Maria and we are going to explain the Industrial Revolution. This is the index and you can see the points about we are going to talk: firstly, the introduction, then, the origin of Industrial Revolution, the innovations, the economic effects, the social effects, London in Industrial Revolution times, and finally, the dark side of the Industrial Revolution.
INTRODUCTION
The era known as the Industrial Revolution was a period in which fundamental changes occurred in agriculture; textile and metal manufacture, transportation, economic policies and the social structure in England. This period is labelled “revolution”, because it destroyed the old manner of doing things.
ORIGIN, WHY DID IT BEGIN IN UNITED KINGDOM?
Industrial Revolution started in 18th century approximately from 1780 to 1850. It’s not a coincidence that IR begins in United Kingdom. There were some facts that did it possible:
- England had enough labour and a large market for their products.
- England disposed of raw materials and abundant coal.
- In England, there were a liberal mentality and a parliament.
INNOVATIONS
The beginning of the Industrial Revolution is linked to some innovations:
· Agricultural transformation: farmers reformed herding and land became private property.
· Steam engine: the steam engine was created by James Watt. This machine could transform water steam in energy.
· Textile industry: the material used was cotton that arrived from the colonies.
· Iron making: mineral coal was finally applied to all stages of iron melting.
· Railway: the incorporation of the steam engine revolutionized the transport sector.
In the second Industrial Revolution, new industries appeared like chemical and electrical industries because workers used for example electricity and petrol.
ECONOMIC EFFECTS
The expansion of industry and the new organization of production in factories were the two facts that form the basis of a system of relations: capitalism.
In addition, the British economist Adam Smith defended the economic freedom, free trade (liberal capitalism). He wrote The Wealth of Nations in 1776.
SOCIAL EFFECTS
In Industrial Revolution appeared the new society of classes. There were three groups:
Higher class: it was formed for aristocracy and nobility. They were the richest class.
Medium class: it was formed for the bourgeoisie. They were people who had good jobs like teachers, architects, traders… These people started to become rich.
Lower class: it was formed for the majority of the population. In this class, there were the working class (people who worked in the factories) and the peasants (people who worked in the country).
LONDON IN INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION’S TIME
Industrial revolution produced in London a big growth and industrialization. The first map is of 1673 (before Industrial Revolution) and the map of the right side is of 1845, after Industrial Revolution.
THE DARK SIDE OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
Industrial Revolution has got a dark side: bad conditions in factories and diseases. The factories were noisy, dirty and damp. They were unhealthy and dangerous places too.
In addition, the life for women and children during the Industrial Revolution was quite different from the way they can live today.
Children during the Industrial Revolution
Children were cheap, weren't educated enough to argue or complain and they were small to fit between tight fitting machinery. Now, you can see different photos of children during the Industrial Revolution.
Women during the Industrial Revolution
The conditions were generally bad in the factories but they were worst for the women. They worked and they had to do the household tasks too.
What about the dirty clothes of a miner?
Each miner had a ‘clean’ locker and a ‘dirty’ locker located in different parts of the baths. He left his ordinary clothes in the ‘clean locker’, the miner changed into his working clothes. Afterwards the miner left his work clothes in the dirty locker where it would be dried, ready for his next shift.
Diseases
Other problem of the Industrial Revolution was the diseases. Diseases caused many deaths in industrial cities during the Industrial Revolution. The most common diseases were cholera, typhoid, typhus and tuberculosis. Cholera and typhoid were caused by contaminated water for example.
CONCLUSION OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
Industrial Revolution was a hard period. There were a lot of changes and the conditions for the population weren’t good enough, but this period was decisive to the progress and modernity.
Tuesday, January 17, 2012
Friday, December 30, 2011
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